Career 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
All Rounds Final 1/2 1/4 First Second Third Fourth Pre-q Rubber 1 Rubber 2 Rubber 3 Rubber 4 Rubber 5 Robin Bronze Q3 N/A Q2 Q1 ER Q4 CR QF Q5 N/A
All Courts Acrylic N/A Clay Grass Carpet Hard I.hard
All Tour Romania F17 Armenia F1 Georgia F2 Germany F13 USA F22 USA F6 Romania F1 Romania F5 Romania F6 Romania F7 Romania F11 Romania F12 Romania F13 Romania F14 Luxembourg F1 Romania F15 Belgium F1 Germany F15 Belgium F2 Belgium F3 Germany F17 Germany F18 Germany F19 Greece F4 Greece F5 Germany F23 Dominican Republic F1 Dominican Republic F2 Dominican Republic F3 Dominican Republic F4 Dominican Republic F5 Germany F5 Canada F1 Canada F2 Egypt F4 Korea F1 Egypt F6 Korea F2 Korea F3 Romania F1 Romania F2 Kuwait F1 Romania F3 Kuwait F2 Romania F5 Germany F6 Italy F16 Germany F7 Italy F17 Germany F8 Italy F18 Romania F11 Germany F12 Germany F13 France F3 Germany F17 Turkey F9 France F19 Senegal F1 Senegal F2 Dominican Republic F1 Dominican Republic F2 Dominican Republic F3 Great Britain F1 Italy F2 Italy F3 Spain F11 Italy F4 Spain F12 Bulgaria F3 Italy F10 Romania F2 Romania F3 Romania F4 Germany F8 Germany F9 Romania F9 Germany F10 Romania F10 Germany F11 Belgium F1 Belarus F1 Belarus F2 Germany F13 Turkey F9 Turkey F10 France F18 Turkey F11 Belarus F4 Israel F4 Turkey F6 Turkey F7 Turkey F8 Turkey F10 Turkey F11 Turkey F12 Turkey F13 Italy F8 Italy F10 Italy F11 Poland F2 Poland F3 Romania F2 Germany F5 Germany F7 Romania F9 France F19 France F20 Turkey F6 Turkey F7 Turkey F8 Turkey F12 Turkey F15 Turkey F16 Romania F1 Romania F3 Turkey F7 Turkey F8 Turkey F9 Turkey F15 Romania F3 China F1 China F2 Romania F3 Romania F16 Ukraine F3 Germany F16 USA F25 Romania F10 Germany F14 Iasi Challenger Astana Challenger Mamaia Challenger - Constanta Samarkand Challenger Almaty Challenger Todi Challenger Palermo Challenger Mons Challenger Rennes Challenger Eckental Challenger Karshi Challenger Geneva Challenger Como Challenger Rabat Challenger Todi Challenger Ortisei Challenger Pingguo Challenger Marburg Challenger Braunschweig Challenger Scheveningen Challenger Guangzhou Challenger Fergana Challenger Orbetello Challenger Trani Challenger Karshi Challenger St. Remy Challenger Recanati Challenger Szczecin Challenger Istanbul Challenger Samarkand Challenger Tashkent Challenger Salzburg Challenger Mons Challenger Geneva Challenger Heilbronn Challenger Cherbourg Challenger Sarajevo Challenger Le Gosier Challenger Prague Challenger Quimper Challenger Lermontov Challenger Dallas Challenger Tunis Challenger Karshi Challenger Bordeaux Challenger Samarkand Challenger Timisoara Challenger - Timisoara Arad Challenger Kosice Challenger Timisoara Challenger Scheveningen Challenger Istanbul Challenger Eskisehir Challenger Poznan Challenger Oberstaufen Challenger St. Remy Challenger Fergana Challenger Helsinki Challenger Chennai Challenger New Delhi Challenger Mersin Challenger Scheveningen Challenger Tampere Challenger Sibiu Challenger Mons Challenger Tashkent Challenger Geneva Challenger New Delhi Challenger Raanana Challenger Heilbronn Challenger Moscow Challenger Braunschweig Challenger Poznan Challenger Prague Challenger Mersin Challenger Liberec Challenger Kazan Challenger Fergana Challenger Dallas Challenger Caltanissetta Challenger Meerbusch Challenger Mouilleron-Le-Captif Challenger Noumea Challenger Kolkata Challenger Irving Challenger Guangzhou Challenger Bordeaux Challenger Heilbronn Challenger Rome Challenger Ljubljana Challenger Braunschweig Challenger Mons Challenger Trnava Challenger Mouilleron-Le-Captif Challenger Prague Challenger Ningboo Challenger Helsinki Challenger Shenzhen Challenger Burnie Challenger Launceston Challenger Aix En Provence Challenger Bordeaux Challenger Fergana Challenger Chicago Challenger Roanne Challenger Canberra Challenger Istanbul Challenger Tashkent Challenger Braunschweig Challenger Karshi Challenger Istanbul 2 Challenger Samarkand Challenger Furth Challenger Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve Challenger Braunschweig Challenger San Benedetto Challenger Dortmund Challenger Szczecin Challenger Mauthausen Challenger Brasov Challenger Trnava Challenger Prostejov Challenger Busan Challenger Oeiras 4 Challenger Bath Challenger Suzhou Challenger Phoenix Challenger Mersin Challenger Tunis Challenger Prostejov Challenger Seoul Challenger Ostrava Challenger Ningboo Challenger Liuzhou Challenger Bangalore Challenger Marburg Challenger Braunschweig Challenger Phoenix Challenger Scheveningen Challenger Bercuit Challenger Sibiu Challenger St. Remy Challenger Bucharest Challenger Bergamo Challenger Roanne Challenger Pau Challenger Pau Challenger Lugano Challenger Sanremo Challenger Heilbronn Challenger Surbiton Challenger Istanbul Challenger Phoenix Challenger Split Challenger Aix En Provence Challenger Ethias Trophy - Mons Tashkent Challenger Irving Challenger Ethias Trophy - Mons Alphen Challenger Izmir Challenger Sibiu Challenger Irving Challenger Loughborough Challenger Pune Challenger Jersey Challenger Kazan Challenger Bergamo Challenger Todi Challenger Mouilleron-Le-Captif Challenger St. Petersburg Open - St. Petersburg Aircel Chennai Open - Chennai Open Sud de France - Montpellier Istanbul Challenger Moscow Challenger Izmir Challenger Poznan Challenger Mons Challenger Happy Valley Challenger Hong Kong Challenger Heilbronn Challenger Kolkata Challenger Open 13 - Marseille Kazan Challenger Kosice Challenger Tanger Challenger Eckental Challenger Meknes Challenger Ortisei Challenger Open Sud de France - Montpellier Marrakech Challenger Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem Tyumen Challenger Valencia Open - Valencia Heilbronn Challenger Qatar ExxonMobil Open - Doha ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament - Rotterdam Batman Challenger Citi Open - Washington Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem Malaysian Open - Kuala Lumpur Kremlin Cup - Moscow St. Petersburg Open - St. Petersburg Bergamo Challenger Aircel Chennai Open - Chennai Grand Prix Hassan II - Casablanca Portugal Open - Oeiras AEGON Championships - London SkiStar Swedish Open - Bastad Mersin Challenger Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem Swiss Indoors Basel - Basel BMW Open - Munich Topshelf Open - 's-Hertogenbosch Open 13 - Marseille Memphis Open - Memphis Delray Beach Open - Delray Beach BRD Nastase Tiriac Trophy - Bucharest BMW Open - Munich Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem St. Petersburg Open - St. Petersburg Shenzhen Open - Shenzhen If Stockholm Open - Stockholm Swiss Indoors Basel - Basel Erste Bank Open - Vienna Qatar ExxonMobil Open - Doha Garanti Koza Sofia Open - Sofia ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament - Rotterdam Rakuten Japan Open - Tokyo ASB Classic - Auckland Liberec Challenger Abierto Mexicano Telcel - Acapulco Libema Open - 's-Hertogenbosch Open 13 Provence - Marseille European Open - Antwerp Astana Open - Nur-Sultan Antalya Open - Antalya Open Sud de France - Montpellier Qatar ExxonMobil Open - Doha Mercedes Cup - Stuttgart St. Petersburg Open - St. Petersburg Melbourne Summer Set - Melbourne Sydney Tennis Classic - Sydney Kazan Challenger Kremlin Cup - Moscow China Open - Beijing St. Petersburg Open - St. Petersburg Qatar ExxonMobil Open - Doha AEGON International - Eastbourne Gerry Weber Open - Halle Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem Abierto Mexicano Telcel - Acapulco Suisse Open - Gstaad Grand Prix Hassan II - Marrakech Barcelona Open BancSabadell - Barcelona Open Parc - Lyon Moselle Open - Metz Shenzhen Open - Shenzhen Delray Beach Open - Delray Beach Gazprom Hungarian Open - Budapest Noventi Open - Halle Vercelli Challenger Abierto Mexicano de Tenis Mifel - Los Cabos Raanana Challenger Arad Challenger Generali Open - Kitzbuhel BCR Open Romania - Bucharest Kremlin Cup - Moscow Brasov Challenger Poznan Challenger Adelaide International 1 - Adelaide Oberstaufen Challenger Open Sud de France - Montpellier Tata Open Maharashtra - Pune Open 13 Provence - Marseille Aircel Chennai Open - Chennai Citi Open - Washington Abierto de Tenis Mifel - Los Cabos Astana Open - Astana Swiss Indoors Basel - Basel Tata Open Maharashtra - Pune Millennium Estoril Open - Estoril Open Parc - Lyon Libema Open - 's-Hertogenbosch Stockholm Open - Stockholm Kremlin Cup - Moscow Loughborough Challenger Kremlin Cup - Moscow Open Sabadell Atlantico - Barcelona BMW Open - Munich Gerry Weber Open - Halle Bet-at-home Cup - Kitzbuhel UNICEF Open - 's Hertogenbosch Campbell's Hall of Fame Tennis Championships - Newport BRD Nastase Tiriac Trophy - Bucharest Portugal Open - Oeiras Gerry Weber Open - Halle Malaysian Open - Kuala Lumpur Bordeaux Challenger ATP Challenger Tour Finals U.S. National Indoor Tennis Championships - Memphis Delray Beach Open - Delray Beach Orleans Challenger Mons Challenger Swiss Indoors Basel - Basel Maui Challenger BRD Nastase Tiriac Trophy - Bucharest Oberstaufen Challenger Jonkoping Challenger Rakuten Japan Open - Tokyo Moselle Open - Metz Orleans Challenger Aircel Chennai Open - Chennai Apia International - Sydney Open 13 - Marseille Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships - Dubai European Open - Antwerp BRD Nastase Tiriac Trophy - Bucharest TEB BNP Paribas Istanbul Open - Istanbul AEGON Championships - London SkiStar Swedish Open - Bastad AEGON Championships - London Antalya Cup - Antalya Credit Agricole Suisse Open - Gstaad Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem Kobe Challenger ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament - Rotterdam Open 13 - Marseille Abierto Mexicano Telcel - Acapulco Tyumen Challenger TEB BNP Paribas Istanbul Open - Istanbul Hall of Fame Open - Newport San Marino Challenger Forli 2 Challenger Memphis Open - Memphis Shenzhen Challenger Grand Prix Hassan II - Marrakech Barcelona Open BancSabadell - Barcelona Antalya Cup - Antalya Konzum Croatia Open - Umag Hamburg European Open - Hamburg Moselle Open - Metz St. Petersburg Open - St. Petersburg Shenzhen Open - Shenzhen Swiss Indoors Basel - Basel Open Sud de France - Montpellier Garanti Koza Sofia Open - Sofia ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament - Rotterdam New York Open - New York Delray Beach Open - Delray Beach Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships - Dubai Gazprom Hungarian Open - Budapest TEB BNP Paribas Istanbul Open - Istanbul Citi Open - Washington Chengdu Open - Chengdu China Open - Beijing Tata Open Maharashtra - Pune Open Sud de France - Montpellier ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament - Rotterdam New York Open - New York Millennium Estoril Open - Estoril Geneva Open - Geneva BB&T Atlanta Open - Atlanta Boss Open - Stuttgart Moselle Open - Metz Chengdu Open - Chengdu Rakuten Japan Open - Tokyo Intrum Stockholm Open - Stockholm Grand Prix Hassan II - Marrakech Open Sud de France - Montpellier ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament - Rotterdam Delray Beach Open - Delray Beach Abierto Mexicano Telcel - Acapulco Generali Open - Kitzbuhel bett1HULKS Indoors - Cologne Sofia Open - Sofia ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament - Rotterdam Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell - Barcelona Noventi Open - Halle Mallorca Championships - Mallorca Nordea Open - Bastad Plava Laguna Croatia Open - Umag Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem Swiss Indoors Basel - Basel Kremlin Cup - Moscow Singapore Tennis Open - Singapore Prague 2 Challenger Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships - Dubai Millennium Estoril Open - Estoril Mercedes Cup - Stuttgart bett1HULKS Championships - Cologne Noventi Open - Halle Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem Moselle Open - Metz European Open - Antwerp United Cup - Australia Open Parc - Lyon ASB Classic - Auckland Dallas Open - Dallas ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament - Rotterdam Delray Beach Open - Delray Beach Open 13 Provence - Marseille Gonet Geneva Open - Geneva Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell - Barcelona Banja Luka Open - Banja Luka Terra Wortmann Open - Halle Korea Open - Seoul If Stockholm Open - Stockholm Brisbane International - Brisbane Suisse Open - Gstaad Maharashtra Open - Pune Abierto Mexicano Telcel - Acapulco Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo Swiss Open - Gstaad Generali Open - Kitzbuhel Barcelona Open Banc Sabadell - Barcelona Nature Valley International - Eastbourne Citi Open - Washington European Open - Antwerp Murray River Open - Melbourne Belgrade 2 - Belgrade ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament - Rotterdam Qatar ExxonMobil Open - Doha Serbia Open - Belgrade Quimper Challenger Prague 1 Challenger Ilkley Challenger Indian Wells Challenger Delray Beach Open - Delray Beach Tenerife 1 Challenger Sony Ericsson Open - Miami Sony Open Tennis - Miami Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid Rogers Cup - Montreal Western & Southern Open - Cincinnati BNP Paribas Open - Indian Wells BNP Paribas Masters - Paris BNP Paribas Open - Indian Wells Miami Open - Miami Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo Shanghai Rolex Masters - Shanghai BNP Paribas Open - Indian Wells Western & Southern Open - Cincinnati Brisbane International - Brisbane BNP Paribas Masters - Paris Internazionali BNL d'Italia - Rome Rolex Paris Masters - Paris Internazionali BNL d'Italia - Rome Western & Southern Open - Cincinnati BNP Paribas Open - Indian Wells Power Horse Cup - Dusseldorf Western & Southern Open - Cincinnati Internazionali BNL d'Italia - Rome BNP Paribas Open - Indian Wells Sony Open Tennis - Miami Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo BNP Paribas Masters - Paris Miami Open - Miami Rogers Cup - Montreal Western & Southern Open - Cincinnati Shanghai Rolex Masters - Shanghai ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament - Rotterdam BNP Paribas Masters - Paris Miami Open - Miami Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid Internazionali BNL d'Italia - Rome Western & Southern Open - Cincinnati Shanghai Rolex Masters - Shanghai Heineken Open - Auckland Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid Internazionali BNL d'Italia - Rome Rogers Cup - Montreal BNP Paribas Open - Indian Wells Grand Prix Hassan II - Marrakech Western & Southern Open - Cincinnati Shanghai Rolex Masters - Shanghai Moselle Open - Metz BNP Paribas Masters - Paris Miami Open - Miami Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid Open Parc - Lyon Rogers Cup - Toronto Western & Southern Open - Cincinnati Miami Open - Miami Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid Internazionali BNL d'Italia - Rome Coupe Rogers - Montreal Australian Open - Melbourne Miami Open - Miami Wimbledon - London Internazionali BNL d'Italia - Rome Shanghai Rolex Masters - Shanghai Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo Western & Southern Open - New York Truist Atlanta Open - Atlanta Rakuten Japan Open - Tokyo Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid BNP Paribas Masters - Paris BNP Paribas Open - Indian Wells Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo National Bank Open - Montreal Western & Southern Open - Cincinnati U.S. Open - New York Miami Open - Miami Internazionali BNL d'Italia - Rome Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo Rogers Cup - Toronto Australian Open - Melbourne BNP Paribas Open - Indian Wells Miami Open - Miami French Open - Paris Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo Wimbledon - London U.S. Open - New York Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid Internazionali BNL d'Italia - Rome Rolex Paris Masters - Paris BNP Paribas Open - Indian Wells Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid Australian Open - Melbourne French Open - Paris Topshelf Open - 's-Hertogenbosch Wimbledon - London Australian Open - Melbourne French Open - Paris Wimbledon - London U.S. Open - New York Australian Open - Melbourne French Open - Paris Wimbledon - London Australian Open - Melbourne French Open - Paris Wimbledon - London U.S. Open - New York French Open - Paris European Open - Antwerp French Open - Paris Australian Open - Melbourne Aircel Chennai Open - Chennai French Open - Paris SkiStar Swedish Open - Bastad Qatar ExxonMobil Open - Doha Open 13 Provence - Marseille Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships - Dubai Great Ocean Road Open - Melbourne U.S. Open - New York Citi Open - Washington French Open - Paris U.S. Open - New York Davis Cup, Group II, PO, TUR-MDA 2-3 Davis Cup, Group II, 3R, MDA-POR 2-3 Davis Cup, Group II, 2R, MDA-BLR 4-1 Davis Cup, World Group, PO, UKR-BEL 2-3 Davis Cup, Group II, 3R, DEN-MDA 3-2 Davis Cup, World Group, QF, BEL-CAN 5-0 U.S. Open - New York Davis Cup, World Group, F, BEL-GBR 1-3 Davis Cup, World Group, QF, BEL-ITA 3-2 Davis Cup, World Group, F, FRA-BEL 3-2 ATP Cup - Brisbane, Perth, Sydney Wimbledon - London Australian Open - Melbourne Wimbledon (juniors) Kooyong Classic - Kooyong All Lower level tournaments Wimbledon - London Australian Open - Melbourne U.S. Open - New York Australian Open - Melbourne U.S. Open - New York French Open - Paris Wimbledon - London U.S. Open - New York U.S. Open - New York Wimbledon - London Australian Open - Melbourne Wimbledon - London French Open - Paris U.S. Open - New York Australian Open - Melbourne Nitto ATP Finals - London Australian Open - Melbourne French Open - Paris Davis Cup, Qualifiers, 1R, FIN-BEL 2-3 Davis Cup, Group C, Hamburg Davis Cup, Finals, Group D Olympics - London Davis Cup, World Group, PO, KOR-BEL 3-2 Davis Cup, Group II, 1R, BLR-MDA 4-1 Olympics - Rio de Janeiro Davis Cup, Group 2, PO, HUN-MDA 3-2 Davis Cup, World Group, 1R, BEL-SUI 3-2 Davis Cup, Group I, 2R, GBR-BEL 1-4 Davis Cup, World Group, 1R, KAZ-BEL 3-2 Davis Cup, Group II, 1R, MDA-EGY 4-1 Davis Cup, World Group, SF, BEL-ARG 3-2 Davis Cup, World Group, PO, BEL-SWE 5-0 Davis Cup, World Group, 1R, BEL-SRB 2-3 Davis Cup, Group II, 1R, MDA-HUN 3-2 Davis Cup, Group II, 2R, BIH-MDA 1-3 Davis Cup, Group II, 1R, HUN-MDA 4-1 Davis Cup, World Group, SF, BEL-AUS 3-2 Davis Cup, World Group, 1R, BEL-CRO 2-3 Davis Cup, World Group, PO, BEL-BRA 4-0 Hopman Cup - Perth Davis Cup, World Group, 1R, BEL-HUN 3-2 U.S. Open (juniors) French Open (juniors) Laver Cup - Chicago French Open (juniors) Wimbledon (juniors) Wimbledon - London Kooyong Classic - Kooyong Mubadala World Tennis Championship Verona Challenger Barclays ATP World Tour Finals - London San Marino Challenger Rennes Challenger Winnipeg Challenger Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem U.S. Open - New York Orleans Challenger Helsinki Challenger Mouilleron-Le-Captif Challenger Bergamo Challenger European Open - Antwerp Brest Challenger Danderyd Challenger Canberra Challenger Miami Open - Miami Grand Prix Hassan II - Marrakech Open 13 Provence - Marseille Delray Beach Open - Delray Beach Australian Open - Melbourne ABN AMRO Open - Rotterdam Bucharest Open - Bucharest Davis Cup, Group 2, 1R, LAT-MDA 5-0 Barcelona Challenger Dallas Open - Dallas Girona Challenger Lugano Challenger Punta Del Este Challenger Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve Challenger Wimbledon - London Pau Challenger BNP Paribas Open - Indian Wells Lille Challenger Phoenix Challenger Murcia Challenger Atlanta Open - Atlanta Turin Challenger Gonet Geneva Open - Geneva Internazionali BNL d'Italia - Rome Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid French Open - Paris Cary Challenger Prostejov Challenger Ilkley Challenger Libema Open - 's-Hertogenbosch Cagliari Challenger Bratislava 1 Challenger Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem Hangzhou Open - Hangzhou Infosys Hall of Fame Open - Newport U.S. Open - New York Guangzhou Challenger Shanghai Rolex Masters - Shanghai San Diego Challenger Dallas Open - Dallas Swiss Indoors Basel - Basel Rolex Paris Masters - Paris Monza Challenger Abierto Mexicano Telcel - Acapulco ABN AMRO Open - Rotterdam St. Tropez Challenger Oeiras 3 Challenger Turin Challenger Cap Cana Challenger National Bank Open - Toronto Francavilla Challenger Delray Beach Open - Delray Beach Oeiras 4 Challenger Cleveland Challenger Ostrava Challenger Citi Open - Washington Open Occitanie - Montpellier Canberra Challenger Brisbane International - Brisbane Australian Open - Melbourne Adelaide International - Adelaide Brasov Challenger Milan Challenger Miami Open - Miami Iasi Challenger Girona Challenger BMW Open - Munich Citi Open - Washington National Bank Open - Toronto Grodzisk Mazowiecki Challenger Tiriac Open - Bucharest Hopman Cup - Nice Mutua Madrid Open - Madrid Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters - Monte-Carlo Chisinau Challenger Perugia Challenger Monastir Challenger Poznan Challenger Porto Challenger Shanghai Rolex Masters - Shanghai Wimbledon - London Nordea Open - Bastad Winston-Salem Open - Winston-Salem EFG Swiss Open - Gstaad Generali Open - Kitzbuhel Cincinnati Open - Cincinnati U.S. Open - New York China Open - Beijing Hangzhou Open - Hangzhou Hersonissos 5 Challenger Villena Challenger Rolex Paris Masters - Paris Swiss Indoors Basel - Basel European Open - Brussels Hersonissos 6 Challenger Hamburg Challenger